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SPOC学校专有课程
汉字知识与文化
第1次开课
开课时间: 2024年04月26日 ~ 2024年07月05日
学时安排: 2-4小时每周
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spContent=汉字是中华文化的载体,它们形态优美、内涵丰富,是连接古今、沟通中外的桥梁。通过这门课程,你将不仅学会认读和书写汉字,更能学会如何通过汉字理解中国人的思维方式和文化传统。 通过这门课程,你将获得: 1. 汉字认读与书写技能:提高你的语言能力,帮助你更准确地使用汉语进行交流。 2. 文化理解:通过汉字背后的文化故事和历史,增进你对中国文化的认识和理解。 3. 思维训练:汉字的构造和演变能够训练你的逻辑思维和创造性思维。 本课程的特色在于: 1. 融合式教学:结合线上资源和线下互动,提供多元化的学习体验。 2. 实践与理论相结合:通过实际的汉字书写和文化体验活动,使学习更加生动和实用。 3. 个性化学习路径:根据学生的不同水平和需求,提供个性化的学习指导和资源。 我们期待你通过这门课程,不仅学会汉字,更能深刻体验和欣赏汉字背后的文化魅力。
汉字是中华文化的载体,它们形态优美、内涵丰富,是连接古今、沟通中外的桥梁。通过这门课程,你将不仅学会认读和书写汉字,更能学会如何通过汉字理解中国人的思维方式和文化传统。 通过这门课程,你将获得: 1. 汉字认读与书写技能:提高你的语言能力,帮助你更准确地使用汉语进行交流。 2. 文化理解:通过汉字背后的文化故事和历史,增进你对中国文化的认识和理解。 3. 思维训练:汉字的构造和演变能够训练你的逻辑思维和创造性思维。 本课程的特色在于: 1. 融合式教学:结合线上资源和线下互动,提供多元化的学习体验。 2. 实践与理论相结合:通过实际的汉字书写和文化体验活动,使学习更加生动和实用。 3. 个性化学习路径:根据学生的不同水平和需求,提供个性化的学习指导和资源。 我们期待你通过这门课程,不仅学会汉字,更能深刻体验和欣赏汉字背后的文化魅力。
—— 课程团队
课程概述

       文字是语言和文明的载体,它使得语言和文明得以延续和发扬。数千年来,汉字承载了中华文化的丰富内涵和底蕴,维系了中华民族绵延的历史。学习汉语,汉字是绕不开的重要内容和进阶基础。

       《学汉字 知中国》是一门主要针对留学生汉语言专业的本科课程,同时也适合国内非中文专业的本科生、世界各个地区的汉语学习者和相关从业人员、对汉字感兴趣的社会人士。本课程内容涵盖汉字的起源、字体发展、造字法、汉字中体现的中国社会文化,以及现代汉字的结构、读音等汉字学习的基础知识,还有汉字的改革演变和具体的学习方法等内容。

        本课程的特色体现在:1、课程不仅仅是一门语言专项技能课,其教学内容以汉字相关知识为主,开拓学生知识的广度和深度,打破汉字学习的瓶颈,为汉语的进阶学习再铺一块垫脚石;2、主要针对有一定汉语、汉字基础的留学生,授课深入浅出,帮助学生克服汉字学习的畏惧心理。同时配以中英双语字幕和课件,便于知识的理解和吸收。

        我们试图呈现汉字的前世今生,让学习者体味汉字的精妙、感受汉字强大的自我更新能力和与时俱进、充满勃勃生机的气质面貌,从而领略中国文化的内在精神与发展动力。

                                                                                                   An Overview of this course

        Written language is the carrier of language and civilization, so that language and civilization can be continued and carried forward. For thousands of years, Chinese characters have carried the rich connotation of Chinese culture and maintained the continuous history of the Chinese nation. Chinese characters are an important content and basis that can not be bypassed for learners to improve Chinese language skills.

        Our course, "Xue hanzi, zhi Zhongguo"(Learning Chinese characters and knowing China) is a undergraduate course mainly aimed at foreign students majored in Chinese language and culture, and it is not only fit for students from other majors, relevant practitioners, but also Chinese learners from all regions of the world as well as the public who are interested in Chinese characters. The content of this course covers the origin of Chinese characters, form development, character-making method, social culture embodied in Chinese characters, as well as the structure of modern Chinese characters, pronunciation and other basic knowledge of Chinese characters learning, the reform and evolution of Chinese characters and specific learning method.

        The characteristics of this course are as follows: 1, the course is not only a special course of language skills, but mainly based on the relevant knowledge of Chinese characters. It will develop the breadth and depth of students' knowledge, and break the bottleneck of Chinese character learning, to lay another stepping stone for the advanced Chinese learning; 2, mainly for foreign students with a certain basis of Chinese and Chinese characters. The lecture explain profound content in simple language, and try to help students to overcome the fear of learning Chinese characters. It is accompanied by bilingual subtitles both in Chinese and English, which is convenient for the understanding and absorption of knowledge.

        We try to present the past and present of Chinese characters, letting learners feel the ingenious Chinese characters, the strong self-renewal ability of Chinese characters and the temperament of keeping pace with the times, full of vitality, so as to appreciate the inherent spirit and development motive force of Chinese culture.

授课目标

       本课程旨在打造一门高质量的线上汉字知识类的课程,为汉语学习者的进阶学习提供学习资源。具体课程目标包括:

       1、在汉字的相关知识方面,使学习者建立较完备的汉字知识图景。

       (1)理解和掌握汉字历史发展的脉络

       (2)理解汉字的自我更新和社会发展的关系

       (3)掌握从字音、字义和字形方面来分析汉字的方法

       (4)掌握并形成自学汉字的科学方法

       (5)养成规范书写、使用汉字的意识

       2、在汉字文化方面,理解汉字是中华文化伦理价值观、基本精神的结晶。

从饮食、服饰、行旅、建筑和生命仪式等方面来剖析汉字的文化特征,趣味性和知识性相结合,使学习者正确理解汉字形成的理据性。同时通过汉字故事的小动画拓展中华文化知识,消除对汉字学习的畏难情绪,加深对古代和当代中国各方面的了解。

                                                                                    Objective of this Course

      The purpose of this course is to build a high-quality online course of Chinese character,  and provide learning resources for the advanced study of Chinese learners. The specific course objectives include:

       1.In the aspect of Chinese character related knowledge, learners can establish a more complete Chinese character knowledge.

       (1) Understanding and mastering the Historical Development of Chinese characters

       (2) Understanding the relationship between self-renewal of Chinese characters and Social Development

       (3) Mastering the method of analyzing Chinese characters from the aspects of pronunciation, meaning and form.

       (4) Mastering and forming scientific methods of learning Chinese characters by oneself

       (5) Developing the consciousness of standardizing writing and using Chinese characters

       2.In the aspect of Chinese character culture, understanding Chinese characters is the crystallization of ethical values and basic spirit of Chinese culture.

        This course analyzes the cultural characteristics of Chinese characters from the aspects of diet, clothing, travel, architecture and convention, trying to combine both interest and knowledge. It enable learners to correctly understand the motivation of the formation of Chinese characters. At the same time, the knowledge of Chinese culture is expanded through the small animation of Chinese character stories. The course also aims to eliminate the fear of learning Chinese characters, and deepen understanding of ancient/ contemporary China in all aspects. 


成绩 要求

为积极响应国家低碳环保政策, 2021年秋季学期开始,中国大学MOOC平台将取消纸质版的认证证书,仅提供电子版的认证证书服务,证书申请方式和流程不变。

 

电子版认证证书支持查询验证,可通过扫描证书上的二维码进行有效性查询,或者访问 https://www.icourse163.org/verify,通过证书编号进行查询。学生可在“个人中心-证书-查看证书”页面自行下载、打印电子版认证证书。

 

完成课程教学内容学习和考核,成绩达到课程考核标准的学生(每门课程的考核标准不同,详见课程内的评分标准),具备申请认证证书资格,可在证书申请开放期间(以申请页面显示的时间为准),完成在线付费申请。

 

认证证书申请注意事项:

1. 根据国家相关法律法规要求,认证证书申请时要求进行实名认证,请保证所提交的实名认证信息真实完整有效。

2. 完成实名认证并支付后,系统将自动生成并发送电子版认证证书。电子版认证证书生成后不支持退费。


课程大纲
文明的曙光——汉字的性质和起源 Chapter one: Dawn of Civilization—the Nature and the Origin of Chinese characters
课时目标:学习目标:了解汉字的性质与特点、需要掌握的汉字数量,以及关于汉字起源值得关注的四种说法,学习者形成对汉字的整体印象和把握。Learning target: To understand the nature and characteristics of Chinese characters, the number of Chinese characters that need to be mastered, and four statements about the origin of Chinese characters which are worthy of attention. Learners have the overall impression and understanding of Chinese characters.
1.1 汉字的性质和特点
Lecture one: The Nature and Characteristics of Chinese Characters
1.2 汉字的起源
Lecture two: The Origins of Chinese Characters
1.3 第一章小结
Chapter one: Study Summary
方块纵古今——汉字形体的发展 Chapter two: Chinese Characters throughout History— The evolution of forms
课时目标:学习目标:把握汉字形体发展的历史脉络,了解各种形体的主要特点和形体发展的原因,感知汉字不断适应社会变迁、与时俱进的本质面貌。Learning target: Grasp the historical context of the development of Chinese character forms. Understand the main characteristics of various forms and the reasons for their development. Perceiving the essential appearance of Chinese characters constantly adapting to social changes and keeping pace with the times.
2.1 汉字形体的发展简介
Lecture one: The Brief Introduction to the Evolution of Chinese Character Forms
2.2 甲骨文
Lecture two: The Oracle Bone Inscription
2.3 金文
Lecture three: The Bronze Inscription
2.4 大篆、六国文字与小篆
Lecture four:The Large Seal Character, the Six Kingdoms Scripts and the Small Seal Character
2.5 隶书与楷书
Lecture five: The Clerical Script and the Regular Script
2.6 草书与行书
Lecture six: The Cursive and Semi-Cursive Script
2.7 第二章小结
Chapter two: Study Summary
趣味探理据——汉字的造字方法Chapter three: Exploring the Evidence Interestingly——The methods of making Chinese characters
课时目标:学习目标:了解汉字六书的缘由及其含义,能根据字形推断典型汉字的造字方法并辨析形近字。Learning target: Learners are supposed to understand the origin and meaning of "Liushu". Furthermore, they can infer the method of the typical Chinese character making and can differentiate and analyse the characters with similar form.
3.1 象形造字法
Lecture one: The Method of Making Pictographic Characters
3.2 指事造字法
Lecture two: The Method of Making Self-explanatory Characters
3.3 会意造字法
Lecture three: The Method of Making Associative Compounds
3.4 形声字
Lecture four: The Method of Making Pictophonetic characters
3.5 识字与教学
Lecture five: To Know and Teach Chinese Characters
3.6 第三章小结
Chapter three: Study Summary
内涵见智慧——汉字与中国传统社会文化 Chapter four: Witness Great Wisdom through Connotation——Chinese characters and the culture of traditional Chinese society
课时目标:学习目标:从衣、食、住、行和人生五个角度出发,选取63个常见常用的汉字作为例子,通过分析这些汉字字体的起源、发展,造字本义、在现代汉语中的意义及用法,让学习者了解汉字所蕴含的丰富的文化内涵,促进学习者从文化的角度来解读、认识更多的汉字。 Learning target: From the five angles of clothing, food, housing, travel and life,to select 63 common Chinese characters as examples, then analyze their origin and development, their original meanings, their meanings and usages in modern Chinese, let learners understand the rich cultural connotation of Chinese characters, promote them to interpret from a cultural point of view and understand more and more Chinese characters.
4.1 民以食为天——汉字中的饮食文化
Lecture one: The Bite and Sup Culture in Chinese Characters
4.2 云想衣裳花想容——汉字中的服饰文化
Lecture two: The Dress Culture in Chinese Characters
4.3 千里之行始于足下——汉字中的行旅文化
Lecture three: The Travel Culture in Chinese Characters
4.4 斯是陋室,惟吾德馨——汉字中的建筑文化
Lecture four: The Architectural Culture in Chinese Characters
4.5 之子于归,宜其室家——汉字中的生命仪式
Lecture five: The Life Ceremony in Chinese Characters
4.6 第四章小结
Chapter four:Study Summary
外解寻芳踪——汉字的结构 Know More from its Appearance——the structure of Chinese characters
课时目标:学习目标: 学习汉字的基本单位和外部结构等方面的问题,学习者需要掌握汉字的基本单位——笔画,汉字的笔顺及正确的笔顺书写规则,正确区分与认识独体字与合体字,弄清楚偏旁与部件的区别。Learning target :To study the basic units and external structures of Chinese characters. learners need to master the basic unit of the Chinese characters-strokes,the stroke order of Chinese characters and the rules of writing, to tell the single characters correctly from the compound characters,and to understand the difference between a character component and a piece.
5.1笔画
Lecture one: Strokes
5.2 笔顺
Lecture two: Order of Strokes
5.3 独体字、合体字与汉字的外部结构
Lecture three: Single Character, Compound Character and the External Structure of Chinese Characters
5.4 部件
Lecture four: The Character Piece
5.5 第五章小结
Chapter five: Study Summary
内析品精妙——汉字的偏旁与部首Chapter Six: Taste the Exquisiteness from Inside Structure—— Component and Radical of Chinese Characters
课时目标:学习目标:了解汉字的基本单位——偏旁。偏旁是构成合体字的基本单位,包含表义偏旁,表音偏旁以及构型偏旁等类别。除了偏旁,我们还将了解另外一个涉及到分析汉字的字形与字义之间关系的概念——部首。部首就是具有字形归类作用的偏旁,是字书中各部的首字,是用于查字典的。Learning target :Learning the basic unit of Chinese characters——Chinese character component . The Chinese character component is the basic unit of the compound character, which includes Ideographic component, Phonetic component and Structural component . Besides the Chinese character component,we also learn another concept that involves analyzing the relationship between the shape and meaning of Chinese characters—— Radical. The radical is the component that has the function of classification , and it is the first character in the character book, which used to look up characters in the dictionary.
6.1 偏旁
Lecture one: Chinese Character Component
6.2 表义偏旁、表音偏旁
Lecture two: Ideographic Component、Phonetic Component
6.3 构形偏旁
Lecture three: Structural Component
6.4 部首
Lecture four: Radical
6.5 第六章小结
Chapter six: Study Summary
音字相与析——汉字的读音Chapter seven: Analyzing the Pronunciation of Chinese Characters—— the Monosyllabic,Polyphonic Characters and the Homophones
课时目标:学习目标:首先知道什么是单音字、多音字和同音字,了解产生多音字的四种情况,从四种发音分类和两种字义分类来认识多音字的类型。然后了解产生同音字的四种情况,学会四种辨别同音字的方法,以“一语双关”和“歇后语”为例,认识同音字的妙用。Learning target: Firstly, students should know what monosyllabic, polysyllabic, and homophone are and the four situations in which polysyllabic characters are produced. Understanding the types of polysyllabic characters from four pronunciation classifications and two word meaning classifications. Secondly, to understand the four situations in which homophones are produced, and learn four ways to distinguish homophones. To take “puns” and “two-part allegorical saying” as examples, we can understand the wonderful use of homophones.
7.1 单音字和多音字
Lecture one: the Monosyllabic and Polyphonic Characters
7.2 同音字
Lecture two: the Homophones.
7.3 第七章小结
Chapter seven: Study Summary
文明的传承——汉字的改革与教育Chapter Eight:The Inheritance of Civilization——The Reform and education of Chinese characters
课时目标:学习目标:了解汉字的改革与拼音方案的制定、了解繁体字与简体字的联系与区别、了解汉字学习的基本方法和思路。Learning Target: To understand the reform of Chinese characters and the formulation of the Chinese Pinyin System Scheme, to understand the relationship and differentiation between traditional characters and simplified characters, and to understand the basic methods and ideas of Chinese character learning.
8.1 汉字与拼音:汉字存废大讨论
Lecture one: Chinese Characters and Pinyin: Discussion on the saving and waste of Chinese characters.
8.2 繁体和简化:汉字改革大实践
Lecture two: Traditional and Simplified Chinese Characters: A great practice of Chinese character reform.
8.3 内容与方法:汉字教育小思考
Lecture tree: Content and Method: some ideas of Chinese character education.
8.4 第八章小结
Chapter eight: Study Summary
更上一层楼——汉字的学习方法Chapter nine: Strive for Further Improvement----Learning method of Chinese characters
课时目标:学习目标:本章主要以汉语综合课的课本为例,在前面几章已学内容的基础上,向学习者介绍汉字学习方法。旨在抛砖引玉,引发学习者的思考,鼓励他们找到适合自己的汉字学习方法。 Learning target: This chapter, which takes the textbook of Chinese comprehensive course as an example,mainly introduces the learning method of Chinese characters on the basis of the previous chapters. It aims to throw bricks and attract jade, and also tends to arouse learners' thinking and encourage them to find a suitable way to learn Chinese characters.
9.1 学习汉字与学习汉语的关系
Lecture one: The Relationship between Learning Chinese and Chinese Characters
9.2 学习汉字的具体步骤(一)——汉字的字音和字义
Lecture two: Specific Steps of Learning Chinese Characters (Part one)---Pronunciation and meaning of Chinese characters
9.3学习汉字的具体步骤(二)——汉字书写
Lecture three: Specific Steps of Learning Chinese Characters (Part two) ——Writing Chinese characters
9.4 第九章小结
Chapter nine: Study Summary
展开全部
预备知识

1、具备大致相当于HSK4级或以上语言水平

2、或者具备800以上的汉字量,大致了解有关汉字历史演变、形体结构的一些基础知识

                                                      Preliminary knowledge

1. Have a language level roughly equivalent to HSK 3 or above.

2. Or master more than 600 Chinese characters, have general understanding of some basic knowledge about the historical evolution , form structure of Chinese characters.


参考资料

何九盈、胡双宝、张猛 2009 《汉字文化大观》,北京:人民教育出版社

胡晓萍 2015 《汉字的结构和演变》,长春:东北大学出版社

李大遂2013 《简明实用汉字学》,北京:北京大学出版社 

李乐毅2014《汉字演变500例》,北京:北京语言大学出版社

李荣 2001 《文字问题》,北京:商务印书馆

林西莉著,李之义译 2008 《汉字王国》,北京:三联书店

王宁 2018 《汉字与中华文化十讲》,北京:三联书店

吴锡有2012《常用汉字字理》,长春:长春出版社


源课程

该SPOC课程部分内容来自以上源课程,在源基础上老师进一步增加了新的课程内容

四川大学
1 位授课老师
王丹

王丹

副教授

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