spContent=Medical microbiology concerns the nature, distribution and activities of microbes and how they impact on health and wellbeing, most particularly as agents of infection. Infections remain a major global cause of mortality and in most hospitals around one in ten of those admitted will suffer from an infection acquired during their stay. The evolution of microbes presents a massive challenge to modern medicine and public health. The constant changes in viruses such as influenza, HIV, tuberculosis, malaria and SARS demand vigilance and insight into the underlying process.
Medical microbiology concerns the nature, distribution and activities of microbes and how they impact on health and wellbeing, most particularly as agents of infection. Infections remain a major global cause of mortality and in most hospitals around one in ten of those admitted will suffer from an infection acquired during their stay. The evolution of microbes presents a massive challenge to modern medicine and public health. The constant changes in viruses such as influenza, HIV, tuberculosis, malaria and SARS demand vigilance and insight into the underlying process.
—— 课程团队
课程概述
Medical microbiology is not only a basic course for international medical students, but also an important bridge between basic medical courses and clinical courses. This course focuses on the key basic knowledge points, elaborately designs the teaching contents, adheres to the "student-centered" teaching concepts. This course focuses on the biological characteristics, pathogenicity, immunity, and microbiological diagnosis and prevention methods of various pathogenic microorganisms. This course focuses on cultivating students' innovative thinking and clinical application ability. The teaching team members of this course have long been engaged in the theoretical and experimental teaching of medical microbiology for undergraduates of clinical, oral, anesthesia, imaging, nursing, midwifery, pharmacy and other medical related majors, as well as English Teaching for international students. In many years of teaching work, members of the teaching team have accumulated rich teaching experience. In the process of teaching, they can highlight the key points, be detailed and reasonable, and be well-organized. They actively carry out teaching reform and teaching research related to this course to integrate the latest knowledge and progress related to this course into the course teaching process. First of all, students should be familiar with the key points and the difficult points of the course, and help them to consolidate the knowledge through the test. In addition, the course team will set up online teaching teachers to answer difficult questions in the learning process of students. This course is designed for international students to study medical science. Through the study of this course, international students can master and make use of the basic knowledge, basic theory and basic skills of this subject, understand the development trends and hot spots of the discipline, and lay a foundation for learning basic medicine and clinical medicine courses and engaging in the diagnosis and prevention of diseases caused by pathogens.
授课目标
Microbilogy is an important subject to study. The goal of Medical Microbiology is intended to be the primary text for international students of medical science who are encountering microbiology and infectious diseases for the first time. Students should master the most important biological features of the major pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and pathogenesis, immunity of the disease, clinical diagnosis, preventions and treatments.
课程大纲
Introduction about Fundamentals of Microbiology
课时目标：Objective1\ To master the microorganism’s categories according to their cell structural characteristics 2\ To master the cell structural characteristics on different kinds of microorganism3\ To learn about development of microbiology 4\ To understand the concepts, such as: microorganisms(microbes) ; microbiology; medical microbiology
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1\ About microorganism
2\ Classification of microorganism
3\ About microbiology and the importance of microbiology
4\ About history of microbiology
5\ About medical microbiology and the importance of medical microbiology
Bacterial Morphology and Structure
课时目标：Objective1\ To master the structure of bacteria（including basic structure and specific structure)2\ To master the functions of bacterial specific structure 3\ To master the difference of cell wall between G+ and G- bactria 4\ To understand the concepts, such as: L forms bacteria; mesosomes; plasmids
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1\ Size of bacteria
2\ Shape of bacteria
3\ Structure of Bacteria
4\ Basic structure of bacteria
5\ Bacterial specific structures and their functions
Bacterial Physiology
课时目标：Objective1\ To master the pattern of bacteria reproduce2\ To master the regularity of bacteria growth 3\ To understand the concepts, such as: antibiotics; pyrogen; medium; colony
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1\ Bacterial chemical components
2\ Growth requirements of bacteria
3\ Bacterial growth
4\ Bacterial metabolism
5\ Artificial cultivation of bacteria
Disinfection and Sterilization
课时目标：Objective1\ To master the controlling microorganisms by physical agents2\ To learn about the controlling microorganisms by chemical agents 3\ To master the concepts, such as: Sterilization; Disinfection; Antisepsis; Bacteriostasis; Asepsis
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1\ Basic technical terms
2\ Physical sterilization and disinfection
3\ Control microorganisms by chemical agents
Bacterial genetics and variation
课时目标： Objective1\ To learn about bacteriophage2\ To master two types of bacteriophage: virulent phage and temperate phage3\ To master four modes of gene transfer and recombination for bacteria4\ To know genetic elements in bacteria5\ To know the application of bacteriophage6\ To master the concepts, such as: Bacteriophages; Lytic (or Virulent ) phage; Lysogenic (or Temperate) Phage; Transformation; Conjugation; Transduction; Lysogenic conversion
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1\ About bacteriophages
2\ About lytic (or virulent ) phage
3\ About lysogenic (or temperate) phage
4\ Bacterial genetics and variation
5\ Mechanisms of bacterial variation
Bacterial Infection and Immunity
课时目标： Objective1\ To master the difference between endotoxins and exotoxins2\ To understand medical significance of normal flora3\ To know the conditions to cause diseases for opportunistic pathogens4\ To master the important definitions, such as: Bacteremia; Septicemia; Toxemia; Endotoxemia; Normal flora; Opportunistic pathogens; Inapparent infection; Apparent infection
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1\ Normal flora and opportunistic pathogen
2\ Bacterial pathogenesis
3\ Sources of infectious diseases
4\ Modes of transmission
5\ Types of infections
6\ Host defense against bacterial infection
Principles of Diagnosis and Prevention of Bacterial Infection
课时目标： Objective1\ To master the concept of serological diagnosis2\ To understand the term of antibody titer
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1\ About bacterial diagnosis
2\ About etiologic diagnosis
3\ About serology diagnosis
4\ Artificial active immunity
5\ Artificial passive immunity
6\ Treatment for bacterial infection
Coccus
课时目标：Objective1\ To master the pathogenic materials of Staphylococcus aureus, and diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus2\ To master the pathogenic materials of beta streptoccus, and diseases caused by beta streptoccus3\ To know the diseases caused by N. meningitis, and by N. Gonorrhea4\ To master the important definitions, such as: SAP; anti- SLO test (ASO test )
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1\ About coccus
2\ Biological characteristics of staphylococcus
3\ Pathogenicity of staphylococcus
4\ Immunity, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of staphylococcus
5\ Biological characteristics of Streptococcus
6\ Pathogenicity of Streptococcus
7\ Immunity, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of Streptococcus
8\ Main features about pneumococcus, Neisseria Meningitis, Neisseria gonorrhea
9\ Pathogenicity of pneumococcus, Neisseria Meningitis, Neisseria gonorrhea
Vibrio
课时目标：Objective1.To master the common biological characteristics of vibrio.2.To master the antigenic structure and classification, pathogenic material and active mechanism of enterotoxin of V. cholera.2.To learn the biological characteristics, immunity of V.cholera; epidemic characteristics, clinical manifestation of cholera.3.To understand the laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment of V. cholera.4.To understand the pathogenesis of V.parahemolyticus.
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1.The common characteristics of pathogenic vibrio.
2.The biological properties, pathogenesis, immunity, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment of V. cholera.
Mycoplasmas
课时目标：Objective1.To master the main characteristics and main species of Mycoplasmas.2.To master the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae.3.To understand the pathogenesis of Ureaplasma urealyticum.4.To understand the laboratory diagnosis,prevention and treatment of Mycoplasmas.
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1.The biological properties of Mycoplasmas.
2.Major species and their pathogenesis,laboratory diagnosis of Mycoplasmas.
Mycology
课时目标：Objective1.To master the concept and main characteristics of fungi,including:unicellular fungi(yeast),multicellular fungi(molds).2.To understand the pathogenesis of medically important fungi.(pathogenic fungal infection,opportunistic fungal infection,fungal allergies,mycotoxicosis,fungi and tumor).
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1.The biological properties of Rickettsia.
2.Major species and their pathogenesis,laboratory diagnosis of Rickettsia.
Pathogenic Fungi
课时目标：Objective1.To master the classification of fungal diseases(superficial mycoses,cutaneous mycoses,subcutaneous mycoses,systemic mycoses,opportunistic mycoses).2.To master the distinctive properties and pathogenesis(cutaneous mycoses) of dermatophytes.3.To master the distinctive properties and pathogenesis(deep mycoses) of Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans.4.To understand the superficial mycoses, subcutaneous mycoses.5.To understand the laboratory diagnosis,prevention and treatment of pathogenic fungi.
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
Major species and their pathogenesis,laboratory diagnosis of pathogenic fungi.
General properties of virus
课时目标：Objective1. To master the concepts, such as: virus; virion; naked virus; spikes (peplomeres)2. To master the size,shape and chemical composition of virus3. To master the structure of virus and the functions of viral structure 4. To understand the distinctive features of virus
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1. Concepts of virus, virion and so on
2. Size ,shape of viruses
3. Structure of viruses
4. Functions of viral structures
Multiplication and variation of viruses
课时目标：Objective1.To master the “multiplication cycle” of virus including five phases2. To master the conceptions of defective viruse,viral interference and inclusion3. To understand the resistance of virus4. To understand the viral variation
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1. Self-replication: In host cell, virus replicates its nucleic acid and synthesizes its proteins, then assembles them to form progeny viral particles that are released mainly by budding or host cell lysis.
2.Viral “multiplication cycle” involving five phases (Adsorption /Attachment, Penetration, Uncoating, Biosynthesis, Assembly and Release)
3. Viral variation
4.Viral resistance (physical and chemicals agents)
Viral Infection and Immunity
课时目标：Objective1.To master the modes and types of viral infection2. To master the pathogenicity of vieuses3.To master the viral pathogenesis4. To understand antiviral immunity
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1.Route of viral entry; two different transmission patterns(horizontal and vertical transmission)
2.Types of viral infection: inapparent or subclinical infection; apparent infection including acute viral infection, chronic infection , latent infection and slow virus infection.
3.Effects of viral infection on cell: cytocidal effect; steady state infection; integration and transformation; apoptosis.
4.Effects of virus-induced immunopathology: virus-induced immunosuppression; avoiding the immune system;influenza-like symptoms( IFN, lymphokins);Humoral immunopathology;Cell-mediated immunopathology;viral proteins share common Ag with cell proteins and induce autoimmune response
5.Immunity against virus infection: innate immunity; adapt immunity
Diagnosis of viral infections
课时目标：Objective1. To master the concepts of cytopathic effect, inclusion bodies and syncytia.2. To understand the principles of specimens selection 3. To understand the test of virus and viral components4. To understand the cultivation of viruses5. To understand the test of antivirus antibodies
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1. Principles of specimens selection of viral infection
2. Test of virus and viral components
3. Test of antivirus antibodies
4. Cultivation of viruses
Hepatitis Viruses
课时目标：Objective1. To master the concepts, such as: Dane particle,coinfection,superinfection 2. To master the pathogenesis of HAV,HBV,HCA,HDV,HEV3. To master the significance of HBV antigens - antibodys detection4. To master the mechanisms of hepatocytes damage of HBV infection 5. To master the mechanisms of different clinical types of HBV infection6. To master the properties of HBV7.To understand the properties of HAV,HCA,HDV,HEV8.To understand laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment of HAV,HBV, HCA,HDV,HEV
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1. Overview of Hepatitis Virus
2. Hepatitis A virus
3. Hepatitis B virus
4. Hepatitis C virus
5. Hepatitis D virus
6. Hepatitis E virus
Respiratory viruses
课时目标：Objective1\ To master all of the contents about Influenza virus2\ To master pathogenesis of measles virus, mumps virus, respiratory syncytial virus(RSV), rubella virus3\ To understand the clinical illnesses caused by other respiratory viruses.
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1\ about classification of respiratory viruses
2\ about history, biological characters, pathogensis and immunity, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and control of Influenza virus
2\ about pathogensis and immunity of measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus(RSV), mumps virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rubella virus, and SARS-coronavirus
Polio virus and enteroviruses
课时目标：Objective1\ To master common properties of enteroviruses.2\ To master pathogenesis of poliovirus.3\ To master clinical illnesses caused by Coxackie virus, ECHO virus and New enteroviruses.4\ To master biological properties and pathogenesis of rotaviruses.
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1\ about common properties of enteroviruses
2\ about Biological characters, pathogensis and immunity, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and control of polio virus
3\ about pathogensis and immunity of Coxackie virus, ECHO virus and New enteroviruses.
4\ about biological properties and pathogenesis of rotaviruses
Herpesviruses
课时目标：Objective1\ To master common properties of herpesviruses family.2\ To master pathogenesis and immunity HSV, CMV, VZV, EBV
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1\ explain common properties of herpesviruses in detail.
2\ intensively explain latent infection and pathogenesis of HSV1 and HSV2
3\ intensively explain pathogenesis of CMV, VZV, and EBV
4\ general introduce the examination methods , prevention and treatment of HSV, VZV,EBV, CMV.
Encephalitis viruses, Hemorrhagic fever viruses, Other important viruses
课时目标：Objective1\ To know the common properties of encephalitis2\ To master the Epidemiology and prevention of B encephalitis virus and dengue virus3\ To master the Epidemiology and pathogenesis of hantavirus4\ To master the pathogenesis and control of rabies virus, pathogenesis of HPV, biological properties and pathogenesis of prion.
Course contents
The course will cover the following topics:
1\ intensively explain Characteristic properties,transmission, pathogenesis and immunity of Epidemic B encephalitis virus.
2\ generally explain the pathogenesis and immunity of Dengue fever virus.
3\ generally explain common properties, Epidemiology, pathogenesis and immunity of Hantavirus.
4\ generally explain pathogenesis and immunity of Xing Jiang hemorrhagic virus.
5\ generally explain the examination methods, prevention and treatment of Hantavirus.
6\ explain the characteristic properties, pathogenesis and immunity, prevention and treatment of Rabies virus，Human papillomavirus (HPV) in detail.
7\ detailed explain the Characteristic properties, pathogenesis and immunity of prion.
展开全部
预备知识
In order to better understand the biological features and pathogenesis of microorganism, students should learn the courses such as Biochemistry, Physiology, Pathophysiology, Cell biology, and Molecular biology in advance.
参考资料
1. Stefan Riedel, Stephen A. Morse, Timothy Mietzner & Steve Miller. Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 28th ed. Riedel / McGraw-Hill, 2019
2. Patrick R. Murray, Ken S. Rosenthal, Michael A. Pfaller. Medical microbiology.8th ed. Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, 2016
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