Pathophysiology studies the rules and mechanisms of disease occurrence and development, and provides a theoretical basis for disease prevention and treatment. Pathophysiology is an important basic medical course which also has significant clinical attributes. It is a "bridge course" linking basic medical sciences and clinical medical sciences. After studying the knowledge of the structure, function and metabolism in normal human bodies, by learning pathophysiology, medical students can understand the functional and metabolic alterations in sick bodies, so as to lay a foundation for further study of clinical knowledge of various subjects. In this course we selected the most classic pathophysiology knowledge required by medical students, covering three major parts of content--overview of pathophysiology, basic pathological processes, and systemic pathophysiology, a total of 14 chapters and 87 micro-lesson videos.
The course is designed based on the following principles:
1. To strengthen the combination with clinical knowledge. All micro-lesson videos in this course are guided by cases, which are echoed in the lecturing and unit testing. Some important principles of prevention and treatment are introduced in close combination with the pathogenesis.
2. To adhere to the "student-centered" teaching idea. Based on cases and questions, this course promotes step by step to inspire students to think. In addition, following each micro-lesson video, review questions are carefully designed to guide students’ autonomous learning.
3. To persist the purpose of “enhance morality, foster talents”. Elements of medical moral education are carefully designed where is appropriate in each lecture, and professional pathophysiology teaching is organically combined with medical moral education.
Our teaching team has accumulated rich experience in the long-term practice of educational reform and curriculun construction, and formed distinct features. The team was awarded the National Excellent Course in 2005 and the National Excellent Resource-Sharing Course in 2016. We edited the national planning textbook Pathophysiology, and won the first prize of provincial teaching achievement twice.
The course is mainly designed for undergraduate students in medical related majors. It also meets the needs for teachers, graduate students and clinical practitioners to improve their knowledge of pathophysiology.
Through studying the course, medical students will learn to correctly apply the knowledge and methods of pathophysiology to analyze the causes, mechanisms, functional and metabolic alterations, and understand the principles of prevention and treatment of diseases, and lay a foundation for their future study in clinical courses.
Through learning this course, the medical students can apply correctly the knowledge and methods of pathophysiology to analyze the causes and mechanisms and the metabolic and functional changes of diseases, and understand the principles of prevention and treatment of diseases.
1.Introduction of Pathophysiology
1.1 Introduction of Pathophysiology
2.Introduction to Disease
2.1 Health, subhealth and disease
2.2 General rules of disease occurence and development
2.3 Basic mechanism of disease occurence and development
2.4 Brain death
2.5 Disease models
Class discussion
Unit 1 test
3.Fluid and Electrolytes Imbalance
3.1 fluid and electrolytes introduction
3.2 hypertonic dehydration
3.3Hypotonicc dehydration
3.4 Edema and Abnormal Fluid Distribution between the Vascular and Interstitial Compartments
3.5 edema and retention of sodium and watar
3.6 hyperkalemia
3.7 hypokalemia
Class discussion
Unit 2 test
4. Acid-base balance and acid-base disturbance
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Regulation of acid-base balance
4.3 Parameters of acid-base balance
4.4 Basic ideas to analyze clinical cases with acid-base disturbance
4.5 Metabolic acidosis (1)
4.6 Metabolic acidosis (2)
4.7 Respiratory acidosis
4.8 Metabolic alkalosis
4.9 Respiratory Alkalosis
4.10 Mixed acid-base disturbance
Class discussion
Unit 3 test
5. Hypoxia
5.1 Introduction to Hypoxia
5.2 Hypoxic hypoxia
5.3 Hemic hypoxia
5.4 Circulatory hypoxia
5.5 Histogenous hypoxia
Class discussion
Unit 4 test
6. Fever
6.1 Fever-introduction
6.2 Pyrogenic activator
6.3 Endogenous pyrogen
6.4 Febrile ceiling
6.5 Periods of fever
6.6 Fever: Friend or Foe
Class discussion
Unit 5 test
7. Stress
7.1 Introduction of Stress
7.2 Neuroendocrine response
7.3 Acute phase response
7.4 Heat Shock Response
7.5 Stress Ulcer
7.6 PTSD
Unit 6 test
8.Ischemia-reperfusion injury
8.1 Introduction of ischemia-reperfusion injury
8.2 the role of reactive oxygen species
8.3 calcium overload
8.4 the role of leukocytes
8.5 ischemic preconditioning and ischemic post-conditioning
Class discussion
Unit 8 test
9.DIC
9.1 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
9.2 Pathogenesis of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
9.3 Alteration of Function and Metabolism during DIC
9.4 Principles of Diagnosis of DIC
Class discussion
Unit 9 test
10. Shock
10.1 Introduction of shock
10.2 Pathophysiology at the ischemic stage of microcirculation
10.3 Pathophysiology at the congestive stage of microcirculation
10.4 Pathophysiology at the failure stage of microcirculation(1)
10.5 Hemorrhagic shock
10.6 Infective shock
10.7 Anaphylactic shock
10.8 Cardiogenic shock
Class discussion
Unit 10 test
11. Heart failure
11.1 introduction of heart failure
11.2 compsensatory response
11.3 Ventricular remodeling
11.4 pathogenesis of heart failure
11.5 pathogensis of heart failure (II)
11.6 low cardiac output syndrome
11.7 venous congestion syndrome
Class discusion
Unit 11 test
12. Respiratory failure
12.1 Respiratory insufficiency-introduction
12.2 Restrictive hypoventilation
12.3 Obstructive hypoventilation
12.4 Diffusion impairment
12.5 Ventilation-perfusion imbalance
12.6 Pulmonary heart disease
12.7 Pulmonary encephalopathy
12.8 ARDS
Class discusion
Unit 12 test
13. Hepatic insufficiency
13.1 Hepatic Insufficiency--Introduction
13.2 Changes of Function and Metabolism in Hepatic Insufficiency
13.3 Hepatic Fibrosis
13.4 Hepatic Encephalopathy
13.5 Ammonia intoxication hypothesis
13.6 Gamma aminobutyric acid hypothesis
13.7 False neurotransmitter hypothesis and the amino acid imbalance hypothesis
13.8 Hepatorenal syndrome
Class discusion
Unit 13 test
14. Renal insufficiency
14.1 Introduction of renal insufficiency
14.2 Etiology and classification of acute renal failure
14.3 The pathogenesis of acute renal failure
14.4 Functional and metabolic changes in acute kidney failure
14.5 Chronic renal failure
14.6 Renal osteodystrophy
14.7 Uremia
Class discusion
Unit 14 test
Anthropotomy, Histology, Embryology, Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology and other knowledge of basic medical sciences.
1.《Textbook of Pathophysiology》,People`s Medical Publishing House,Chief editors: Jianzhi Wang, Huiming Jin,2007.
2.《Textbook of Pathophysiology》,Science Publishing House,Chief editors of adaptation edition: Jianzhi Wang, Guoqiang Chen,2006.
3.《Pathophysiology》(4th edition) (in Chinese),Higher Education Press,Chief editor: Xianzhong Xiao,2018.