课后小灶3.2 课堂教学的诸多细节

<p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 课堂，是教师展示自身生命价值的舞台；教学，是教师职业活动的主要存在形式。课堂中的一举一动，教学中的一颦一笑，都传递着这样或那样的意义，有着各不相同的意蕴。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 今天的这份推送，详细列举了课堂上教师的言行举止、学生的身心表现，并将这些细节加以理论阐释和学理说明。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p><article style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">课堂教学特征</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1）并非井然有序的课堂</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;近来读美国学者阿布拉汉姆森和福雷徳曼写的一本书，书名叫《完美的混乱：无序中隐藏的优点》。书中的一些观点对我颇有启发。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;他们认为：适度混乱的人、机构和系统，经常比组织性高的群体更有效率，更具恢复能力，并且创造性更强，总之更加高效。也就是说，在某些情况下，适度“杂乱”效率高。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;在我看来，这一理论也适用于说明我们的某些课堂。当下课堂上已经出现了有益的“杂乱”，我们要允许这些“杂乱”的存在。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;接下来的任务就是要进一步探讨什么样的杂乱有助于课堂效率的提高，杂乱的类型、动因到底是什么，我们教师在“杂乱”中发挥什么样的作用。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;也许这样的研究，会使“杂乱”变得“清晰”，“无序”变得“透明”。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2）并非环环相扣的课堂</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“环环相扣”的教学思维，一定程度上是线性思维的反应，是用单线演进的思维看待教学中各行为环节，认为各环节是一次呈现的，不会反复，也不需要反复；不会错乱，也不应错乱。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;这样的思维有其合理性的成分，它使得教学过程如同机器生产各个工作环节一样，前后工序相连，每道工序各司其事，教学向预定的目标“义无反顾”地行进。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;但也有其不合理的成分，在教学的重心是教师，教学的关键是传授知识技能的情况下，上述教学进程可以“进退有据”，较为得当，而当教学重心下移，学生掌握更多的学习主动权的时候，单一的演进序列就会遇到越来越多的挑战。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3）并非行云流水的课堂</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;行云流水般的课堂其实是一种非常态的课堂。学生在课堂上走得跌跌撞撞、步履蹒跚，时而雀跃，时而深思。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;教师在课堂上并非得心应手，遇事应对自如，遇难逢凶化吉，而总是有本领的恐慌感，才是课堂的常态。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4）并非设计严密的课堂</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;这样的设计没有“留白”，没有“缝隙”，一定程度上也使得课堂上学生的行为也变得循规蹈矩，在教师的引导下亦步亦趋。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;在教学设计时，需要考虑给学生留有足够的自主支配的时间和空间，就需要宽视野、大设 计。也就是，设计从教学目标与重点着眼，从教学总体着眼，对教学作出整体安排和统筹规划。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5）并非人人称道的课堂</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;对课堂设计思路、实际教学行为有看法上的歧异，可能恰恰体现了这堂课的价值所在。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">没有了人人称道的课堂，不是一件坏事，反倒是课堂教学的进步，至少是课堂教学认识上的进步。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;有缺陷的课堂，才是真实的课堂，才是活生生的课堂，才是新课程指导下“转型”过程中的课堂。</span></p></article></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p><article style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">教学方法探索</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1）无需举手，自由发言</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;三条基本原则：女生优先，男同学要谦让女同学；</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;前排优先，当前后排同学同时站起来时，后排同学应该谦让前排同学（因为前排同学往往看不到后排同学与他同时站起来了，但是，后面一个机会就应让给后排同学，如果他愿意发言的话）；</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;经常发言的同学应谦让较少发言的同学，课堂秩序力求做到不乱。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2）零散的提问</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一般说来，课堂上的提问从智慧含量来说，大致有四类：</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;①记忆性问题，通过回忆相关知识可以回答的问题；</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;②理解性问题，需要用自己的语言来解释或者说明事物与事物关系的问题；</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;③应用性问题，将学习的知识应用于解决实际问题；</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;④评价性问题，对所学知识进行评判分析，提出自己的看法和认识。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">四类问题，包含的智慧有低到高，不断深入。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3）热闹的角色扮演</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;如果角色扮演离开了教学的特定目标以及教育教学的具体要求，那么，它就只具有手段的意义了。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;没有目标，失却了内容，单一的角色扮演即使再能活跃课堂气氛，也失去了针对性和实效性。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;新课程绝不是离开内容、离开知识结构、离开知识授受来谈课程的，它要求改变的是课程的承载方式以及内容的展现形态。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4）捂住对方嘴巴的“讨论”</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;一次在小学听课，看到了这样一个场景：老师布置了讨论任务，学生开始分小组讨论。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;讨论中，学生争相发言。一个小朋友为了争得发言的机会，用手捂住了另外一位小朋友的嘴，以便自己能够把自己的想法说出来。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;被捂住嘴巴的那位同学，急乎乎地要把对方的手拉开，也想说出自己的想法。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;老师没有注意到这一场景，讨论仍然“热烈”地进行着。上述场景的出现，反映出的是学生并没有掌握的讨论的要求，还不知道如何参与讨论，不懂得如何分享他人经验。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; “教学”这个词语在中国表达的含义与西方有着显著区别，那就是既包含“教”，也指代“学”，是教与学的统一体。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; “教学”的这个含义不能总停留在表面上，在方法等方面也需要加以体现。讨论方法的开展，不能遗漏掉教学的另一方——“学生”。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5）学生忙讨论，教师忙板书</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;学生如何形成讨论的习惯，如何真正与他人分享，如何学会与他人合作，如何与他人交换思想，如何说服他人等，这些问题都或多或少在学生讨论中存在。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;如果失去了教师的指导，学生没有形成良好的学习习惯，讨论在一定程度上也就流于形式了。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;学习方法的指导是在学习过程中完成的，学生学习问题的发现与解决是在师生交往中进行的。教师的指导与学生的学习要保持同步状态，而不是异步状态。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;南辕北辙的教与学，两相错位的教与学，是没有对话、缺乏共生的教与学，也是难以达到教学目标的教与学。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6）没有学习伙伴的学生</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; “自主择伴，结对学习”的初衷，是充分发挥学生的主观能动性，让学生在互助中习得知识，在合作中掌握技能，在分享中提升本领。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;但在实施中，确实有一些意想不到的情况，比如，很多学生的学习伙伴并不是同桌，都需要离开座位，找到自己“心仪”的伙伴，而这个过程往往将教学实践拖长，伙伴相见，也需要一定时间才能进入学习状态。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;同时，也确实会出现个别同学没有伙伴的状态。对于这些问题，教师在进行教学设计阶段，需要加以考虑，并提出切实可行的解决问题的方法。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">7）眼花缭乱的多媒体</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;整合是浑然一体，整合是两相融和，整合是彼此协调，当今的课堂还没有做到这点。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;什么时候才是真正达到整合，那就是没有让学生感受到多媒体存在，没有觉得多媒体多余，没有为多媒体过多吸引自身的注意力，没有觉得课堂知识与多媒体不相一致的时候。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;换句话说，是让多媒体回归其“手段”特性，而任何手段都是为目的服务的，是服从于目的的。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">8）没有板书的课堂</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;板书展现教学的整体架构，体现本节知识点与知识点之间的联系，是教师所关心同时也是学生巩固知识、形成对知识整体认识所需要的。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">9）拖堂的几分钟</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;作为管理者最应该掌握的三种能力分别是：信息沟通能力、时间管理能力、团队建设能力。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;时间管理的艺术，同样是教学的艺术；时间统筹的能力，同样是教学的能力。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(97, 77, 176); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">10）溜走的“教育性渗透”良机</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;这个场景中蕴含的问题，就是教师没有捕捉到对学生进行道德教育的良机。而是让这个机会在自己的指尖悄悄滑落了。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;教育性渗透，既体现在教学准备阶段教师在分析教学内容以及学生特点基础上的有意设计，也体现在教学实施阶段课堂上出现一些随机事件时教师对其中“教育性”因素的把握与运用。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;渗透是不露痕迹的，是“随风潜入夜，润物细无声”的；整合是水乳交融、浑然一体的，是两相融通、相得益彰的。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;渗透得当，学生无意获得的思想规范意识就强；整合妥帖，学生就会自然而然习得知识中所蕴含的价值观念。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">后续内容可移步课后小灶查看~</span></p></article></p>